#readwise # Internet Protocol Suite - Wikipedia  ## Metadata - Author: [[wikipedia.org]] - Full Title: Internet Protocol Suite - Wikipedia - URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite ## Summary The Internet protocol suite, known as TCP/IP, is a set of protocols that enables communication over the Internet. Its main protocols are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and Internet Protocol (IP). This framework organizes how data is sent, received, and routed across networks. TCP/IP was adopted as the standard for military networking in 1982 and has since become widely used in commercial applications. ## Highlights The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of [communication protocols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_protocol) used in the [Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet) and similar [computer networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network) according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are the [Transmission Control Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol) (TCP), the [User Datagram Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol) (UDP), and the [[Internet Protocol - Wikipedia|Internet Protocol]] (IP). Early versions of this networking model were known as the Department of Defense (DoD) model because the research and development were funded by the [United States Department of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense) through [DARPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA). ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jhpzb1rsc8d3vyzvy415hds9)) ^lp0oxa --- The Internet protocol suite provides [end-to-end data communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_principle) specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, [routed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routed), and received. This functionality is organized into four [abstraction layers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_layer), which classify all related protocols according to each protocol's scope of networking. An implementation of the layers for a particular application forms a [protocol stack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_stack). From lowest to highest, the layers are the [[Link Layer - Wikipedia|link layer]], containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link); the [[Internet Layer - Wikipedia|internet layer]], providing [internetworking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetworking) between independent networks; the [[Transport layer - Wikipedia|transport layer]], handling host-to-host communication; and the [[Application layer - Wikipedia|application layer]], providing process-to-process data exchange for applications. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jhpzcmrewtm90t3zadj79pjy)) ^5jv30n ---