#readwise # Linux Fundamentals - Solaris  ## Metadata - Author: [[Hack The Box]] - Full Title: Linux Fundamentals - Solaris - URL: https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/18/section/2101 ## Summary Solaris is a Unix-based operating system developed by Sun Microsystems, known for its reliability and scalability in enterprise settings. It supports high-end hardware and software, making it ideal for mission-critical applications like database management and cloud computing. Unlike Linux, Solaris is a proprietary system, meaning its source code is not publicly available. It includes unique features such as advanced security controls and a powerful package management system. ## Highlights Solaris and Linux distributions are two types of operating systems that differ significantly. Firstly, Solaris is a proprietary operating system owned and developed by Oracle Corporation, and its source code is not available to the general public. In contrast, most Linux distributions are open-source, meaning that their source code is available for anyone to modify and use. Additionally, Linux distributions commonly use the Zettabyte File System (`ZFS`), which is a highly advanced file system that offers features such as data compression, snapshots, and high scalability. On the other hand, Solaris uses a Service Management Facility (`SMF`), which is a highly advanced service management framework that provides better reliability and availability for system services. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jnayp7nt0c7njm28m7x3epm5)) --- File structure: | Directory | Description | | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `/` | The root directory contains all other directories and files in the file system. | | `/bin` | It contains essential system binaries that are required for booting and basic system operations. | | `/boot` | The boot directory contains boot-related files such as boot loader and kernel images. | | `/dev` | The dev directory contains device files that represent physical and logical devices attached to the system. | | `/etc` | The etc directory contains system configuration files, such as system startup scripts and user authentication data. | | `/home` | Users’ home directories. | | `/kernel` | This directory contains kernel modules and other kernel-related files. | | `/lib` | Directory for libraries required by the binaries in /bin and /sbin directories. | | `/lost+found` | This directory is used by the file system consistency check and repair tool to store recovered files. | | `/mnt` | Directory for mounting file systems temporarily. | | `/opt` | This directory contains optional software packages that are installed on the system. | | `/proc` | The proc directory provides a view into the system's process and kernel status as files. | | `/sbin` | This directory contains system binaries required for system administration tasks. | | `/tmp` | Temporary files created by the system and applications are stored in this directory. | | `/usr` | The usr directory contains system-wide read-only data and programs, such as documentation, libraries, and executables. | | `/var` | This directory contains variable data files, such as system logs, mail spools, and printer spools. | ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jnayq034kngecr4eds0fav2r)) --- Solaris has a number of unique features that set it apart from other operating systems. One of its key strengths is its support for high-end hardware and software systems. It is designed to work with large-scale data centers and complex network infrastructures, and it can handle large amounts of data without any performance issues. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jnayqkr3wzjzf5zje4rnc5th)) --- Solaris uses the Image Packaging System (`IPS`) package manager, which provides a powerful and flexible way to manage packages and updates. Solaris also provides advanced security features, such as Role-Based Access Control (`RBAC`) and mandatory access controls, which are not available in all Linux distributions. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01jnayqy5fcjcp2vpby97p2v1a)) ---